Answer: Australia.
Some extra relevant information:
The tradition of the 8-hour work day is often attributed to the United States, specifically to the labor movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During this time, workers in the United States faced long working hours, unsafe conditions, and low wages. In response to these grievances, labor activists and unions began advocating for shorter work hours to improve workers’ rights and well-being.
One of the key milestones in the fight for the 8-hour work day was the Haymarket Affair in 1886. On May 1st of that year, thousands of workers across the United States went on strike, demanding an 8-hour work day. Several days later, a peaceful rally in Haymarket Square, Chicago turned violent when a bomb was thrown at police officers, resulting in casualties. Although the incident had a negative impact on the labor movement, it drew attention to the cause of the 8-hour work day and contributed to its eventual success.
The pressure from the labor movement eventually led to the passing of the Adamson Act in 1916. This legislation established an 8-hour work day and overtime pay for railroad workers in the United States. It served as a significant milestone and set a precedent for other industries to adopt the same standard.
While the United States played a pivotal role in the adoption of the 8-hour work day, it is important to note that several other countries also contributed to the movement. For instance, Australia, New Zealand, and France were among the early adopters of this progressive work hour system. The achievements of these nations further solidified the notion that the 8-hour work day should be a universal right for workers.
In conclusion, the tradition of the 8-hour work day was spearheaded by the labor movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although the United States often receives credit for its role in advocating for shorter work hours, other countries, such as Australia, New Zealand, and France, also played a significant part in the establishment and recognition of the 8-hour work day.