Answer: Baekje, Silla and Goguryeo
Some extra relevant information:
The Three Kingdoms of Korea were Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. These ancient kingdoms emerged in the Korean Peninsula during the 1st century AD and played a significant role in shaping the history and culture of the region.
1. Goguryeo: Goguryeo was the northernmost of the three kingdoms and had its capital situated in present-day North Korea. Founded in 37 BC, Goguryeo was known for its military prowess and expansionist policies. It often clashed with other neighboring powers, such as the Chinese dynasties and Japanese invaders. Goguryeo reached its peak during the 5th and 6th centuries, exerting influence over vast territories in Manchuria and present-day North Korea.
2. Baekje: Baekje was located in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula, with its capital located near present-day Seoul. Founded in 18 BC, Baekje was greatly influenced by both Chinese and Japanese cultures. Known for its advanced shipbuilding techniques and strong navy, Baekje engaged in maritime trade and cultural exchange with other East Asian powers. Buddhist art and architecture flourished during Baekje’s reign, leaving behind numerous historical relics.
3. Silla: Silla, founded in 57 BC, was situated in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. Initially, Silla was a small state, constantly threatened by the larger Goguryeo and Baekje. To counter these threats, Silla formed alliances with Tang China and eventually managed to unify the peninsula by defeating the other two kingdoms. Silla is particularly renowned for fostering cultural and academic developments, exemplified by the creation of the Hwarang, an elite group that emphasized education, martial arts, and honor.
These three kingdoms coexisted and battled with one another for control over the peninsula for many years. However, in 668 AD, Silla successfully unified the Three Kingdoms by overthrowing Baekje and Goguryeo. This marked the beginning of the Unified Silla period, which lasted until the foundation of the Goryeo dynasty in 918 AD.
The legacy of the Three Kingdoms of Korea can still be seen today through various historical sites, artifacts, and cultural traditions. Their stories continue to captivate scholars and enthusiasts, shedding light on an important era in Korean history.