Answer: The 19th century
Some extra relevant information:
The introduction of bicycles to Europe can be traced back to the early 19th century. The bicycle, as we know it today, evolved from the German invention called the Draisine or “running machine,” which was invented by Baron Karl Drais in 1817.
The Draisine consisted of a wooden frame with two wheels and a handlebar, allowing the rider to push themselves forward using their feet on the ground. This early version of a bicycle gained popularity quickly, especially among the upper class.
However, it wasn’t until the mid-19th century that the design of the bicycle significantly improved. The addition of pedals and cranks, which allowed for a more efficient propulsion system, came in 1861. This modification was made by a French blacksmith named Pierre Michaux and his son, Ernest Michaux.
Their invention, known as the Velocipede or “boneshaker,” featured a metal frame and iron wheels with solid rubber tires. This innovation made riding more comfortable and accessible for a wider range of people.
As the popularity of bicycling soared, bicycle clubs and races started to form in various European cities. This led to further advancements in bicycle design, such as the introduction of the high-wheel bicycle known as the Penny-Farthing in the 1870s.
The Penny-Farthing featured a large front wheel and a smaller rear wheel, making it more efficient and faster to ride. However, due to its design, it was also more challenging to mount and dismount, leading to safety concerns.
In the late 19th century, the development of the safety bicycle revolutionized the cycling industry. This new type of bicycle had equal-sized wheels, a chain drive system, and a lower center of gravity, making it easier and safer to ride. The safety bicycle quickly became the standard design and laid the foundation for modern-day bicycles.
Overall, the introduction of bicycles to Europe occurred in the early 19th century with the creation of the Draisine. From there, constant innovation and improvements in design led to the popularity and widespread use of bicycles we see today.