Answer: Carthage.
Some extra relevant information:
The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts fought between the ancient Roman Republic and the ancient Carthaginian Empire. Carthage, a powerful city-state located in present-day Tunisia, was Rome’s primary adversary in these wars. The conflict spanned over a century, with three major wars occurring between 264 BC and 146 BC.
The first Punic War (264-241 BC) was primarily a naval war, as both Rome and Carthage sought control over the strategically important island of Sicily. Rome ultimately emerged victorious, forcing Carthage to cede Sicily and pay a hefty war indemnity.
The second Punic War (218-201 BC) is most renowned for the military genius of Carthage’s famous general, Hannibal Barca. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with his army to invade Italy successfully, inflicting several major defeats on the Romans, including the devastating Battle of Cannae. However, Rome’s resilience and determination eventually led to their triumph, particularly with the leadership of Scipio Africanus. Rome emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean, while Carthage was severely weakened.
The third and final Punic War (149-146 BC) marked the ultimate downfall of Carthage. Rome, concerned about Carthage’s resurgence, launched a full-scale assault on the city. After a long siege, Carthage fell, and the city was destroyed. This victory solidified Rome’s supremacy in the region.
Overall, the Punic Wars were a significant turning point in ancient history, shaping the course of Western civilization. These conflicts not only established Rome as the dominant Mediterranean power but also marked the decline and eventual destruction of Carthage, one of Rome’s greatest rivals.