Answer: Most of India.
Some extra relevant information:
The Mughal Empire, which spanned from the 16th to the 19th century, carried Islam to various parts of the Indian subcontinent. Islam was brought to the region through the conquests and influence of the Mughal rulers, most notably Babur, Akbar, and Aurangzeb.
Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, was a Turkish prince who had previously ruled in Central Asia. In 1526, he invaded India and established the Mughal dynasty. Babur laid the foundation for Islamic rule in the region, but his focus was more on consolidating his power rather than actively spreading Islam.
It was under the reign of Akbar, Babur’s grandson, that Islam began to flourish and spread across the Indian subcontinent. Akbar, known for his tolerance and open-mindedness, pursued a policy of religious inclusiveness. He abolished discriminatory laws against non-Muslims and encouraged interfaith dialogues. Akbar even created his own syncretic religion, Din-i-Illahi, that incorporated elements of various faiths, including Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity. However, despite his religious experiments, Akbar remained a devout Muslim and continued to patronize Islamic architecture and literature.
During the reign of Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest territorial extent, covering much of the Indian subcontinent. However, unlike his predecessors, Aurangzeb was a devout and conservative Muslim ruler. He attempted to enforce stricter Islamic laws and policies, which led to conflicts with other religious communities. Consequently, his policies created divisions and tensions within society, weakening the empire in the long run.
While the Mughal Empire brought Islam to significant parts of the Indian subcontinent, it is important to note that the spread of the religion was not solely due to their rule. Islam had already made its way into the region through various means, including trade, Sufi missionaries, and the Delhi Sultanate that preceded the Mughals. The Mughals, however, played a crucial role in shaping the cultural, architectural, and religious landscape of the Indian subcontinent, leaving a lasting impact on the region’s history.