Answer: Earthworms.
Some extra relevant information:
Charles Darwin’s last book, published in 1881, titled “The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits,” delves into the fascinating role that worms play in shaping the Earth’s soil. In this overlooked masterpiece, Darwin explores the profound impact that these seemingly humble creatures have on our ecosystem.
Darwin’s exploration of worms as soil engineers sheds light on their vital contribution to the fertility and structure of soil. Through meticulous observation and experimentation, he discovered that worms were responsible for the formation of a unique type of soil known as “vegetable mould.”
The book showcases Darwin’s deep fascination with the intricate and often misunderstood world beneath our feet. He devoted countless hours to studying these creatures and their behavior, even conducting intricate experiments to observe their feeding habits and digestion processes. His observations revealed that worms consume vast amounts of organic matter and mix it with mineral particles, thus enhancing soil fertility and enabling plants to thrive.
Moreover, Darwin highlighted the role of earthworms in improving soil structure. Their burrowing activities create channels through which air and water can penetrate the soil, facilitating root growth and nutrient absorption. This process, known as bioturbation, helps to break down complex organic matter, making it more accessible to plants and promoting the overall health of the ecosystem.
Darwin’s groundbreaking findings in “The Formation of Vegetable Mould” revolutionized our understanding of the intricate relationship between worms and soil. Though often overlooked, earthworms play a crucial role in the ecological balance of our planet. Darwin’s book serves as a testament to his insatiable curiosity and his relentless pursuit of knowledge about the natural world.
In conclusion, Charles Darwin’s last book focused primarily on the influence of worms on soil. Through meticulous observation and experimentation, he revealed the remarkable impact that these unassuming creatures have on soil fertility and structure. Darwin’s research in “The Formation of Vegetable Mould” remains relevant today, highlighting the importance of understanding and preserving the delicate balance of our ecosystems.