Answer: A human fingernail is made of keratin.
Some extra relevant information:
The human fingernail is primarily composed of a tough protein called keratin. Keratin is also found in other parts of the body such as hair and the outer layer of the skin. Fingernails are made up of multiple layers of keratinized cells that are tightly packed together.
The nail plate, which is the visible part of the nail, is the hard and translucent portion that we commonly see. It acts as a protective shield for the sensitive nail bed underneath. The nail bed is rich in blood vessels and nerves, and it is responsible for supplying essential nutrients and oxygen to support nail growth and health.
The white crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail is called the lunula, which is more visible on the thumbnail. Contrary to popular belief, the lunula is not the active growing area of the nail. Instead, it is a part of the matrix, which is the tissue located at the base of the nail. The matrix is responsible for producing new nail cells, which then push forward and harden to form the nail plate.
Fingernails grow at an average rate of approximately 0.1 millimeters per day or about 3 millimeters per month. This growth can vary depending on factors such as age, overall health, and environmental conditions. Fingernails also tend to grow faster than toenails.
Proper care and maintenance of fingernails are important for their overall health and appearance. Regular trimming, cleaning, and moisturizing can help prevent issues like brittleness, splitting, and fungal infections. It is advisable to avoid using nails as tools or biting them, as these habits can lead to damage and an increased risk of infections.
Maintaining a balanced diet with adequate nutrients, particularly biotin, zinc, iron, and vitamins A and C, is also beneficial for promoting healthy nail growth. Overall, understanding the composition and structure of the human fingernail can enable individuals to take better care of their nails and maintain their overall hand hygiene.